Human and Social Biology

{"examination": "CSEC Human and Social Biology", "syllabus_topics": {"Section B: Life Processes": ["Nutrition: Macro and micro nutrients, balanced diets, malnutrition, and the digestive system [5, 6]", "Respiration: Transfer of energy (ATP/ADP), the technique of CPR, and the effects of smoking [4, 7]", "The Circulatory System: Blood components, structures of the heart and blood vessels, blood pressure, and blood groups [8, 9]", "Skeletal System and Movement: Bone and cartilage, tendons and ligaments, joints, and muscle types [10, 11]", "Excretion and Homeostasis: Functions of the kidney and skin, blood sugar regulation, and temperature regulation [12, 13]", "Coordination and Control: Divisions of the nervous system, brain functions, structure of the eye and sight defects, and the endocrine system [13, 14]", "Reproductive System: Menstrual cycle, pregnancy, birth, birth control methods, and family planning [14-18]"], "Section C: Heredity and Variation": ["The gene concept: DNA, chromosomes, and alleles [19, 20]", "Cell division: Processes of mitosis and meiosis [20]", "Inheritance of sex and genetic diseases in humans [21]", "Variation: Importance of genetic variation versus environmental variation [21]", "Natural selection: Evolution and antibiotic-resistant bacteria [22]", "Genetic Engineering: Applications in food and medicine and ethical concerns [22]"], "Section D: Disease and Their Impact on Humans": ["Definitions of health and disease [23]", "Classification of diseases: Communicable (STIs, vector-borne) and non-communicable (deficiency, hereditary, lifestyle) [24]", "Specific diseases: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, STIs (including HIV/AIDS), and cancers [25-28]", "Impact of diseases on the human population (socio-economic implications) [28]", "Vectors: Life cycles and control of mosquitoes and houseflies [29, 30]", "Personal hygiene and controlling the growth of microorganisms [30, 31]", "Immunity and immunisation [31]", "Drug use and misuse: Classification and social/economic effects [32, 33]"], "Section A: Living Organisms and the Environment": ["Characteristics of living organisms (nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, irritability, movement, reproduction) [1]", "Cell structure: Comparison of unspecialised plant and animal cells and selected microbes (virus, bacteria, fungi) [1, 2]", "Functions of cell structures and organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.) [2]", "Cell specialisation in humans [2]", "Photosynthesis: Importance to plants as producers and human dependence on plants [3]", "Food chains and food webs: Trophic levels, energy flow, and bioaccumulation [3]", "The Carbon Cycle: Recycling of carbon in nature and the impact of global warming [4]"], "Section E: The Impact of Health Practices on the Environment": ["Pollution: Identification of domestic, industrial, and agricultural pollutants [33, 34]", "Causes and effects of water and air pollution on human health [34]", "Water purification and management of water supplies [35]", "Sewage disposal and treatment methods [35]", "Solid waste management: Domestic refuse disposal, landfills in the Caribbean, and recycling [35-37]", "Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials [36]", "Impact of environmental issues (e.g., global warming) on food and land security [36]"]}}